research infrastructures

Group photo from the 5th Energy for Sustainable Science at Research Infrastructures workshop. (Image: PSI)

On 28 and 29 November, CERN took part in the 5th Energy for Sustainable Science at Research Infrastructures workshop at the Paul Scherrer Institute – PSI, in Villigen, Switzerland.

The Energy for Sustainable Science at Research Infrastructures workshop series was established in 2011 by CERN, the European Spallation Source – ESS (Sweden), and the Association of European-Level Research Infrastructures Facilities – ERF. It brings delegates from research institutes together with policymakers from around the world to discuss energy sustainability.

The fifth edition was organised by PSI in collaboration with CERN, ERF, ESS and the H2020 project ARIES (Accelerator Research and Innovation for European Science and Society). The goals of this year’s workshop were to discuss energy management, efficiency, storage and savings, to pinpoint and share good practice and identify potential future technological solutions. In addition to that, the workshop stimulates new initiatives and cooperation amongst institutes.

Among the highlights was a presentation from Stefan Oberholzer, Head of Photovoltaics and Central Solar Power at the Swiss Federal Office of Energy – SFOE. He spoke about the Swiss Energy Strategy 2050, explaining that the strategy’s priorities are efficiency, increasing energy from renewable sources, security of supply, and strengthening energy research. Oberholzer also discussed the opportunities and challenges with energy storage and renewable sources, such as photovoltaics. Large storage systems were also the subject of a presentation from Michel Düren, a Professor at the Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen. He concluded that the scientific community could play a leading role in demonstrating best practice for the energy transition that we are now facing.

Among the presentations from CERN was one from Laurent Tavian, High-Luminosity Project Office Coordinator, who presented a project for energy efficient refrigeration for the Future Circular Collider (FCC). Instead of conventional cryoplants, where helium is the refrigerant, the project found that a mix of helium and neon makes a more energy efficient cooling system. Over 10 years, this could save up to 3 TWh of energy.

Amalia Ballarino, CERN’s Head of Superconducting Devices, presented a project on magnesium diboride (MgB2) based power transmission lines for powering the High-Luminosity LHC superconducting magnets. Magnesium diboride is superconducting at 39K, the highest temperature among conventional superconductors, making it interesting from an energy efficiency perspective both for accelerator applications and for potential electricity distribution systems in towns and cities.

Serge Deleval, Deputy Group Leader for cooling and ventilation at CERN, gave a talk on water consumption and its environmental impacts, a first for this workshop series. He presented recent studies on minimising the increase of water consumption and reducing the environmental impact of cooling tower effluents.

In summing up the workshop, Frédérick Bordry, CERN’s Director for Accelerators and Technology, concluded very succinctly that: “Research infrastructures don’t want to represent an energy issue for society. We wish to contribute to good practices and find solutions for the future”.

The next workshop on Energy for Sustainable Science will be held in 2021 in Grenoble, France.

All the presentations from this year’s workshop can be found here.

News item also published in the CERN Bulletin.

The long-term benefits of research infrastructures (RIs) to society at large are unquestionable. RIs, from large facilities such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN to data networks, play a vital role in answering fundamental scientific questions, tackle societal challenges and boost innovation. The new ways of working within scientific research lead to new forms of collaboration across disciplines and national borders, gathering different actors like researchers, scholars, educators, students from academia as well as public and private research organisations and innovating firms. Moreover, as they become larger and more complex, these infrastructures typically comprise high-cost investments while a strong growth in the number of RIs that are operational or planned across Europe has recently been noticed. Therefore, it is important to provide a framework for assessing their impact and maximise the potential benefits in terms of use, access and knowledge sharing.

In this context, in January, the kick-off meeting of the H2020 policy support project “RI-PATHS: Research Infrastructure imPact Assessment paTHways”, took place in Brussels. The main goal of the project is to develop a consistent, empirically implementable and holistic model at international level for analysing the socio-economic impact of research infrastructures and their related financial investments.

At the moment there is no unified model for the socio-economic impact assessment (IA) of investment in RIs. Various conceptual frameworks exist in parallel, comprising a range of observable direct and indirect effects and longer-term economic impacts. The aim of “RI-PATHS” is to formulate a comprehensive approach to IA of RI based on a solid theoretical model that takes into account the diverse types for RIs, distinct phases of RI lifecycle and needs of various stakeholder groups. The ambition is to devise a conceptual model that not only traces causal chains in relevant impact areas, but also reflects the interrelations and complementarities between various impact pathways resulting in a systemic view on impact of RIs.

Alasdair Reid, Project Coordinator of RI Impact Pathways, says: “the project aims to develop an operational model and a toolkit to help research infrastructure managers, funders and decision makers to understand the full range of benefits that can occur from investment in RIs.”

Massimo Florio, Professor at the University of Milan, stated that: “the key word in this call is ‘a model’. For a model, we need to have a theory. We need to experiment to go beyond the existing system of knowledge. The aim of RI-PATHS project is to frame such an experiment to build a theory and establish a model for IA of RI.”

To achieve this goal, the RI-PATHS project Consortium will opt for a modular approach that allows better integrating the different aspects of all major types of research infrastructures. The IA model will be designed in consecutive stages in a participatory co-design manner. Extensive consultations and participatory workshops are planned with the research community, policy makers and funding agencies to make explicit their assumptions and forge a shared understanding on the main impact pathways of investment in RIs. Moreover, the RI-PATHS project will work in close partnership and take into account the work of the OECD Global Science Forum Expert Group on Socio-Economic Impact Assessment of RIs, as well as the results from the ongoing Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) study, led by Professor Massimo Florio (UNIMI), of the LHC, HL-LHC and FCC projects.

In addition to the conceptual model, the RI-PATHS project will develop a tailored set of impact indicators contributing to the refinement of a concrete toolbox for policy making. Through testing the applicability of the logical model and piloting concrete data gathering efforts with partner RIs, the project aims to enhance the operationalisation of the model.

During the kick-off meeting in Brussels, participants from major research organisations including ALBA, CERN, CSIL, DESY, EMBL, EFIS Centre, ESF and Fraunhofer discussed the key challenges of measuring the impact of RIs. Among the key considerations were the quality and timespan of the available data, the required resources for a comprehensive impact assessment and the level of support from the funding agencies. The Consortium concluded that the IA model needs to be accompanied by tailored and well-designed quantitative indicators that are qualitatively well-embedded.

Keji Alex Adumnom, Project Officer from the European Commission, stressed that: “It has never been the purpose to use the model for investment decisions. The purpose is also not to design any benchmark tool for RIs. The purpose is to provide a narrative on impact. It has to be both qualitative and quantitative.”

CERN participates in RI Impact Pathways, through the FCC study for a post-LHC particle collider, an interesting case study that builds on CERN’s long-standing leadership in particle physics and the successful planning and running of large-scale scientific endeavours.

For Europe to become and remain a world leader, it is essential to have available a large body of highly educated and experienced S&T personnel with access to sophisticated and technologically advanced facilities and infrastructures. RI-PATHS will recommend a set of concrete actions to be taken at the European and Member States level as well as to the broader community of researchers designing and using future RIs. A novel and robust monitoring and evaluation system for RIs will contribute towards greater European competitiveness, employment, and prosperity.

A workshop on the energy-sustainable future for research infrastructures

Group photo from the 5th Energy for Sustainable Science at Research Infrastructures workshop. (Image: PSI)

Bringing particle accelerators on ships

A novel composite for HL-LHC collimators

Workshop for extreme thermal management materials

Charting impact pathways of Research Infrastructures

Full length prototype of an 11T dipole magnet

Particle physicists update strategy for the future of the field in Europe

Physics of Star Wars: Science or Fiction?